Quantum-computing companies
A flagship home for a life-sciences vertical: the hardware or software, the chemistry applications and the partnership programme.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/platformthe smallest moleculeH2 · minimal basis · computed live on this page
Three words the field uses. One address that says them.
In 1982 Feynman proposed simulating quantum physics on a quantum computer. Molecules are quantum physics, and drug discovery runs on molecules. QuantumDrugDiscovery.com is the plain-English name of that meeting point as one .com: three words, 20 characters, nothing to explain.
01The problem
Whether a candidate molecule binds its target is decided by its electrons. Their energy can be computed exactly, in principle: full configuration interaction is exact within the space spanned by its basis set. The catch is the count. The number of determinants in that expansion grows factorially with the number of electrons and orbitals. Wikipedia: Full configuration interaction
So chemistry runs on approximations. The workhorse, Hartree–Fock, replaces the many-electron wavefunction with a single Slater determinant, a mean field, and neglects the Coulomb correlation between electrons; that neglect can lead to large deviations from experiment. Wikipedia: Hartree–Fock method Everything more accurate than it is a fight with the same exponential, and the target is small: chemical accuracy is 1 kcal/mol, about 1.6 mHa. Wikipedia: Computational chemistry
That is the opening a quantum computer is built for. In 2005 Aspuru-Guzik and colleagues showed that the calculation time for molecular energies, exponential on a classical computer, becomes polynomial with quantum algorithms, and that the number of qubits needed scales linearly with the number of basis functions. Aspuru-Guzik et al., Science 2005 Two families of algorithm followed: phase estimation, which reads an eigenvalue off a unitary operator Wikipedia: Quantum phase estimation, and the variational quantum eigensolver, which trades one long, uninterrupted quantum evolution for a short circuit and a classical optimiser. Peruzzo et al., Nat. Commun. 2014
The canvas above is the smallest honest version of that story: one molecule, one parameter, the exact answer in its basis, and the gap the mean field cannot close.
Full configuration interaction is exact in the space its basis set spans. Nothing in the method is approximate; only the basis is.
Wikipedia: Full configuration interactionThe number of determinants grows factorially with the number of electrons and orbitals. That is the wall.
Wikipedia: Full configuration interactionHartree–Fock keeps one Slater determinant and lets each electron see the others only on average.
Wikipedia: Hartree–Fock methodChemical accuracy: 1 kcal/mol, the error at which a predicted rate is off by an order of magnitude.
O’Malley et al., Phys. Rev. X 2016“Exact” means exact within this basis, not the measured energy of H2; the real equilibrium bond length is 0.74144 Å. NIST Chemistry WebBook: H₂ constants A two-configuration problem is trivial for a laptop. The point is the scaling, not the size.
02Milestones
Ten entries from the proposal to the latest error-corrected run, each in its source’s own words. Organisations appear only as the papers name them; none has any connection with this page or this domain.
A universal quantum simulator is proposed: by Manin in 1980 and by Feynman in 1982, in “Simulating Physics with Computers”.
The calculation time for the energy of atoms and molecules scales exponentially with system size on a classical computer but polynomially using quantum algorithms.
Water and lithium hydride are run on a quantum-computer simulator; the number of qubits scales linearly with the number of basis functions.
An alternative to phase estimation, a new approach to state preparation based on ansätze and classical optimization
, is run by combining a small-scale photonic quantum processor with a conventional computer
, and computes the ground-state energy of He-H⁺ to within chemical accuracy
.
The first electronic structure calculation performed on a quantum computer without exponentially costly precompilation
: the energy surface of H₂ on two Xmon transmon qubits, by a variational eigensolver within chemical accuracy and by Trotterisation with phase estimation.
Up to six-qubit Hamiltonian problems with over a hundred Pauli terms, determining the ground state energy for molecules of increasing size, up to BeH₂
, with a hardware-efficient variational eigensolver.
Quantum simulations of chemistry the largest of which involved a dozen qubits, 78 two-qubit gates, and 114 one-qubit gates
: the binding energy of H₆, H₈, H₁₀ and H₁₂ chains and the isomerisation of diazene.
Eighteen authors gather the evidence for ground-state energy estimation and conclude that evidence for such an exponential advantage across chemical space has yet to be found
.
Using a Heron superconducting processor and the supercomputer Fugaku, we simulate the ground-state dissociation of N₂ and the [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters, with circuits up to 77 qubits and 10,570 gates.
The first demonstration of an end-to-end pipeline with quantum error correction for a quantum computation of the electronic structure of molecular systems
: the ground-state energy of H₂ by phase estimation on qubits encoded in the [[7,1,3]] colour code, within 0.001(13) hartree of the exact answer in the basis.
The variational eigensolver is extremely sensitive to hardware errors
and to noise; phase estimation faces an exponentially reduced QPE success probability
as molecules grow; ground state estimation in chemistry may not be the most appropriate target for quantum computers
.
Evidence for such an exponential advantage across chemical space has yet to be found.Lee et al., 2023
promise to impact industrial applications, for which quantum chemical calculations are required, by virtue of their high accuracy.Santagati et al., 2024
A sale page that oversold this field would be talking to the wrong buyer. The technical reader will check; every source is one click away and opens in a new tab.
03Why this name
Most names in this space are coined and then explained. This one is the vocabulary the literature already uses, run together.
Reviews and perspectives on the subject are titled with these words. The name adds nothing to them and invents nothing.
A hardware company, a pharmaceutical research group, a contract research organisation, a conference and a fund can all stand behind the same three words. The name does not pick a side, so it does not have to be replaced when the business moves, for example quantumdrugdiscovery.com/platform.
Three plain English words, 20 characters, no hyphens and no numbers. It survives a phone call, a slide and a conference badge without being spelled out.
The field has already moved from the noisy intermediate-scale era to the first error-corrected molecular calculation. The machines change; the three words that describe the work do not.
04Who it is for
Example paths show how the name could be put to work. They are illustrations, not existing pages, and no organisation is named or implied.
A flagship home for a life-sciences vertical: the hardware or software, the chemistry applications and the partnership programme.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/platformA computational-chemistry or quantum programme with its own front door, for recruiting the people who will run it.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/researchComputational chemistry offered as a service, from active-space calculations to benchmarking, under the name of the field.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/servicesA programme, a speaker list and tickets at the address attendees will guess before they are told it.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/summitA thesis, a portfolio and an application form for the intersection of quantum computing and life sciences.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/portfolioA journal, a newsletter, a course or a research network that becomes the reference point for the subject.
quantumdrugdiscovery.com/journal05How it works
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07Questions
Quantum drug discovery is the use of quantum computers for the chemistry inside drug design: the electronic structure of molecules, which classical methods can only approximate. The three words are the ones used in the titles of the field’s reviews and perspectives. QuantumDrugDiscovery.com is those words as one .com: 20 characters, no hyphens, no numbers. It is a plain description, not an official or protected term.
Molecular hydrogen in a minimal basis (STO-3G), the smallest problem in quantum chemistry. For the bond length under your pointer the page computes the electron integrals, the Hartree–Fock energy and the exact energy of that basis, and samples the electron density. A click runs the one-parameter ground-state search that the 2016 two-qubit experiment ran on hardware. It is an illustrative model running on your device; it is not a quantum computer, and “exact” means exact within the basis, not the measured energy of H2.
No. This is an independent domain sale page. It has no affiliation with any university, company, laboratory, journal or funder named in the sources, and none of them endorses it. Owning the domain confers no rights in any trademark and implies nothing about whether the technology works; the section headed “The honest state” says where the field stands. This is a domain sale page. It does not provide medical advice or services.
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